Computer science’s application of quantum theory is known as quantum computing. Subatomic particles, such electrons or photons, are used in quantum computing. These particles can exist in more than one state (1 and 0) concurrently thanks to quantum bits, or qubits.
Quantum computers use qubits, while normal computers store data as bits with either 0s or 1s. Qubits engage 0 and 1 in a multidimensional way as they carry information in a quantum state. Computing done on a quantum computer is referred to as quantum computing.
A quantum computer should be able to store a lot more data and run more effective algorithms than a regular computer can for ordinary computing. This leads to doing highly difficult things more quickly.
Qubits are a component of quantum computing. A qubit can exist in a multidimensional state in comparison to a standard computer bit, which can only be either 0 or 1.
• With additional qubits, quantum computers’ power increases exponentially. The power of traditional computers can only grow linearly as more bits are added.
• When compared to traditional computing, quantum computing is significantly different. It makes use of qubits, which can simultaneously be 1 or 0. Bits, which can only be 1 or 0, are used in traditional computers.
• Quantum computing is far more powerful and quick. It is anticipated that it will be utilised to do a range of challenging, valuable activities.
• A supercomputer or a classical computer cannot compare to how quickly a quantum computer operates.
In the 1980s, the field of quantum computing was born. It was found that some computational issues could be solved more effectively by quantum algorithms than by classical ones.
• Building a quantum computer was extremely expensive. Shenzhen SpinQ Technology, based in China, intends to market a $5,000 desktop quantum computer to consumers for use in schools and colleges. It began offering a quantum computer for $50,000 last year.
• A quantum computer requires a lot of time and money to build.
Uses of Quantum Computing
• Quantum computing can be used to create more effective data encryption and methods for detecting system intrusions using light signals, enhancing online security.
• Quantum computing may allow financial institutions to create investment portfolios for retail and institutional clients that are more effective and efficient. They may concentrate on enhancing fraud detection and developing better trading simulators.
• Information sharing could be made more secure with the help of quantum computers.
• To enhance radars’ capacity to find missiles and aeroplanes.
• The environment and maintaining clean water with chemical sensors is another area where quantum computing is anticipated to be helpful.
• Quantum computing could be used in the healthcare sector to create novel medications and genetically focused treatments. It might also fuel more sophisticated DNA studies.
• Traffic planning and aircraft efficiency may both be improved and made safer with the help of quantum computing.
• Big data search, polymer design, machine learning, artificial intelligence (AI), military intelligence, and discovery; as well as aerospace designing, utilities (nuclear fusion), and digital manufacturing.
Quantum Computers In Development
Google
By 2029, Google expects to have built its quantum computer at a cost of billions of dollars. To aid with the achievement of this objective, the business established the Google AI campus in California. Google might introduce a cloud-based quantum computing service once it is created.
IBM
By 2023, IBM hopes to have a 1,000-qubit quantum computer operational. For the time being, IBM gives companies conducting research, academic institutions, and laboratories access to its equipment through its Quantum Network.
Microsoft
Through the Azure Quantum platform, Microsoft provides businesses with access to quantum technology.
Some of the most well-known firms have become interested in quantum computing due to the expected market size. IBM, Microsoft, Google, D-Waves Systems, Alibaba, Nokia, Intel, Airbus, HP, Toshiba, Mitsubishi, and SK Telecom are some of these.
Classical computer vs quantum computer
The power of a quantum computer increases exponentially with the quantity of linked qubits. The power of a traditional computer increases linearly with the amount of bits. Therefore, quantum computers may one day be able to perform some calculations far better than traditional computers.
Compared to conventional computers, quantum computers process information in a fundamentally different way. Quantum Computers use qubits, which can simultaneously represent 0 and 1, as opposed to transistors, which can only represent either “1” or “0” of binary information at a time.
Quantum logic gates are used in quantum computers to process information. Information processing in a traditional computer is done using logic gates, such as NOT, AND, OR, etc.
Features of Quantum Computing
Quantum computing is based on two aspects of quantum physics: superposition and entanglement. They enable quantum computers to perform tasks at rates that are exponentially faster than those of traditional computers while using a fraction of the
Superposition
According to IBM, the remarkable thing about a qubit is not what it is but what it can do. A qubit superpositionally stores the quantum information it contains. This describes a synthesis of all qubit configurations that are feasible. “Superposition of qubit groups can produce intricate, multidimensional computational spaces. In these places, complex issues can be represented in novel ways.”
Entanglement
A quantum mechanical phenomenon known as entanglement correlates the actions of two distinct entities. Changes to one qubit directly affect the other when two qubits are entangled. Quantum algorithms take advantage of those connections to solve challenging issues.